Smoking During Pregnancy Health Concern

Smoking During Pregnancy Health ConcernErin Chaplin Term Project appellative 1Topic Tobacco UseState IowaObjective TU-6 -TU-6 Increase sess cessation during pregnancy Increase ingest cessation during pregnancy demonstrationMaternal dope during pregnancy is a key public health concern in the United States. in that respect atomic number 18 few instances in which milieu has such a large effect on victimization as during pregnancy, which is considered a critical period.2 Prenatal factors baffle a large puzzle out on a botchs growth and development, and can lead to health consequences that affect them for their whole lives.2Many women still smoke during pregnancy, despite it being thoroughly known that it puts the baby at risk of many health problems. There is a material amount of scientific research proving the adverse effects of consume during pregnancy, and pregnant women argon discouraged from heater while pregnant.2 However, it is reported that as many as 14% of pre gnant women in the US continue fume during pregnancy.1 Smoking during pregnancy remain the most common cause of child illness and death, even though effective cessation methods exist.3 Public health is work toward trying to decrease the preponderance of smoking during pregnancy, but historical progress has been slow.3ImplicationsThe period of baby development during pregnancy has arguably the most profound influence on a persons long term health and quality of life.2 Smoking during pregnancy can negatively influence growth and development to such an extent as to determine future health and behavior of the child.2There is plenty of shew proving that the effects of smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of pregnancy complications such as fetal death (spontaneous abortion), fetal growth restriction (reduced kin weight), placental complications, and premature delivery.1,2,3 Smoking excessively increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) after birth.3 In 2002, 5 %8% of preterm deliveries, 13%19% of term infants with growth restriction, 5%7% of preterm-related deaths, and 23%34% of deaths from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) were attribut equal to(p) to prenatal smoking in the United States. 3 Children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy to a fault have increase risk for disease, health problems, and behavioural/ mental issues later in life.2There is evidence of a dose-response relationship, that increasing amount of cigarette usage is related to increase risk of defects and complications.1,2 It has been shown that nicotine crosses the placenta, and concentrations of nicotine in the baby can be as much as 15% higher than concentrations in the mother.2 There is also evidence that women who smoke during pregnancy have an increased risk of having a baby with two or more defects.1There are a surprisingly large number of different physical birth defects that have been associated with significantly higher risk in women that smoke during p regnancy. There is a 9% increased risk associated with cardiovascular/heart birth defects.1 There is a 16% increased risk associated with musculoskeletal defects, such a limb reductions/underdevelopment.1 There is a 19% increased risk of facial defects, in particular oral/facial clefts, with eye defects alone being greater than 25% increased risk.1 There is also increased risk of gastrointestinal defects and hernias.1 The most significant effects of smoking are seen in the occurrence and increased risk of limb reductions, club foot, oral clefts, eye defects, and hernias.1 There is not sufficient evidence to show an association between maternal(p) smoking and defects of the genitourinary, respiratory, or central nervous systems, though it is possible that smoking may have some effect.1 (See supplement B for gauge showing associations of specific defects with smoking)In the US there are approximately 120,000 babies born each year with a birth defect, which is 3% incidence per year .1 Smoking while pregnant has been proven to be associated with significantly increased risk for a variety of defects including cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, facial, and more.1 Many of these birth defects are kinda serious, resolving power in physical and psychological illness, require several painful and expensive surgical treatments throughout the infants lifetime, and may still result in a disability.1 In the US the estimated total expenditures for treating birth defects was approximately $2.1 billion in 2003.1 In 2004 approximately $122 million in healthcare be for infants were attributed to maternal smoking.3 Thus it is a significant cost on the healthcare system for women to smoke while pregnant.Other studies have found behavioral and psychological associations between smoking during pregnancy and the childs abilities later in life.2 One study suggests that maternal smoking negatively affects a childs speech and language development.2 Another study foun d an association with decreased intelligence in the child at age 4.2 There are also several studies that suggest an association with increased externalizing disorders, such as conduct disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADD/ADHD).2 Cognitive function has been shown to be adversely bear upon in through decreased attention span, response inhibition, memory, impulsivity, receptive language, verbal learning and design memory, problem solving, speech and language, school performance, and auditory processing.2It is important to also keep in mind that secondhand smoke after birth also increases a baby or childs risk for respiratory disease and infections, immune system problems like asthma and allergies, ear infections, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and cancer later in life.2,3TrendsMaternal smoking remains a common problem.2 It is reported that as many as 14% of pregnant women in the US continue smoking during pregnancy.1For most states the prevalence of smokin g hasnt changed much over time however from 2000 to 2010 smoking prevalence actually decreased in parts of the US.3 In a subgroup of ten states the prevalence of smoking during pregnancy decreased from 13.3% to 12.3%, and smoking after birth decreased from 18.6% to 17.2% over the 11 year period.3 Sites that showed a significant decrease in maternal smoking from 2000 to 2010 include Colorado, Illinois, Minnesota, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, New York City, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin and Wyoming.3 New York City achieved the highest annual percentage decrease.3 Unfortunately in Louisiana, Maine, Mississippi, and West Virginia the prevalence of smoking during and after pregnancy actually increased over the time period.3 (See Figures on next page showing maternal smoking prevalence in US by time and location)In 2010 prevalence of smoking forwards pregnancy ranged from 9.2% in New York City to 46.2% in West Virginia, with an average of 23.2% of women that reported smoking during th e 3 months before pregnancy.3 At the time only New York City and Utah had achieved the Healthy People 2020 last of reducing prevalence of smoking during the 3 months before pregnancy to 14%. 3Figure 1 from Source 3 Figure 2 from Source 3In 2010 prevalence of smoking during pregnancy ranged from 2.3% in New York City to 30.5% in West Virginia, with an average of 10.7% of women that reported smoking during the last 3 months of pregnancy.3 At the time none of sites had yet achieved the Healthy People 2020 goal of reducing prenatal smoking prevalence to 1.4%.3In 2010 the percentage of women that had smoked but quit before the last trimester had increased significantly, especially in Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, and New Jersey.3 Unfortunately in Louisiana the number of women quitting smoking while pregnant actually decreased.3 In 2010 the percentage of women that quit smoking while pregnant ranged from 34.3% in West Virginia to 74.6% in New York City, with an average of 54.3% of women that reported quitting smoking during pregnancy.3 All sites with data available had achieved the Healthy People 2020 goal of increasing smoking cessation during pregnancy to 30%.3In 2010 the prevalence of smoking after birth had decreased significantly, it ranged from 4.1% in New York City to 37.5% in West Virginia, with an average of 15.9% of women that reported smoking 4 months after delivery.3In Iowa, from 2007 to 2012 the trend overall has been an average of a 15% decrease in women that have smoked before and during pregnancy.4 Unfortunately, despite this downward trend, there still remain 15% of women in Iowa that smoke during their first trimester, and 12% of women that smoke throughout their wide-cut pregnancy.4 Awareness is helping, and there is now 41% of women in Iowa that smoked before pregnancy but quit while pregnant.4DisparitiesPrevalence of smoking during pregnancy varies astray depending on maternal age, ethnicity, education, and health insurance coverage.1,2 ,3 Priorities can be highlighted found on this demographic information. In the US on average 20% of women little than 25 age old smoke while pregnant, compared with only 9% of women 35 years or older.1 Also 22% of women with less(prenominal) than 12 years of education smoke while pregnant, compared with only 6.5% of women with greater than 12 years of education.1 Some studies have even suggested that the percentage of women under age 20 that are smoking while pregnant has increased.2Based on the demographic information presented in the Table in Appendix A, groups that need the most assistance are identified. It is easy to see a trend that women age 20-24, that are American Indian/Alaska Native, had 12 or less years of education, and had Medicaid coverage (low income) were more probable to smoke before, during, and after pregnancy.3 Women that were less than 20 years old, Asian/Pacific Islander, had greater than 12 years of education, and had private insurance coverage were all m ore likely to quit during pregnancy.3 (See Appendix A for Table showing maternal characteristics in prevalence of prenatal smoking)ConclusionSmoking during pregnancy has been a proceed problem within the US. Maternal smoking has been proven to increase risk for many birth defects.1 Educational information encouraging women to quit smoking before or during pregnancy needs to be stressed.1 Educational and policy efforts also need to be targeted especially toward women under age 24, with 12 or less years of school, in lower socioeconomic groups, because they are more likely to smoke while pregnant.1,3Efforts to reduce prevalence have only been mildly successful.3 In 2010 none of the states with data available had achieved the goal of reducing prevalence of prenatal smoking to 1.4%.3 If trends continue at the current slow rate then it could expunge another 100 years to reach that goal.3 Current tobacco control efforts in most states are probably not adequate to be able to reach nation al goals in reducing the prevalence of smoking during pregnancy.3Appendix ATable 2 from Source 3 Appendix BFigure 1 from Source 1-Summary of the meta-analyses for maternal smoking in pregnancy and birth defects. The pooled ORs are shown for each body system and specific defects (total number of deformed cases in brackets). CI confidence interval 1ReferencesHackshaw A, Rodeck C, Boniface S. (2011) Maternal smoking in pregnancy and birth defects a systematic review based on 173 687 malformed cases and 11.7 million controls. Human Reproduction Update 2011 17589604. doi 10.1093/humupd/dmr022 URL http//humupd.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/07/09/humupd.dmr022.fullKnopik VS, Maccani MA, Francazio S, McGeary JE. (2012). The epigenetics of maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and effects on child development. Development and Psychopathology 2012 24(4)1377-1390. doi http//dx.doi.org.proxy.lib.uiowa.edu/10.1017/S0954579412000776.Tong VT, Dietz PM, Morrow B, DAngelo DV, Farr SL, Rockhill KM, England LJ. (2013). Trends in Smoking Before, During, and After Pregnancy Pregnancy Risk Assessment monitor System, United States, 40 Sites, 20002010. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Surveillance Summaries 2013 62(6)1-19. URL http//www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/ss/ss6206.pdfMuldoon, J. (2013) Percent of newborns exposed to maternal smoking, by county. IA Dept. Public Health Vital Records and Bureau of Family Health, Div. Tobacco Use Prevention Control, IDPH 2013. URL http//www.idph.state.ia.us/IDPHChannelsService/file.ashx?file=787F5953-4D70-4563-A885-FCB2C9D3C185

Death Of The Author English Literature Essay

Death Of The Author English Literature EssayThe word Author is broadly defined by the OED as, the person who riseates or gives existence to allthing, but does this mean that a textbook is produced solely by a single author? It is clear that the author of a text leave alone have a defined topic of what they would like their text to achieve, but can we be sure that an author is capable of producing a text that is untouched by external sources? In this audition I will examine the nub of a text and distinguish whether it is produced solely by its author or if it is a complex quislingism of the author, text and the readers birth subconscious understanding.New Criticism argued that authorial intent was irrelevant to understanding a effectuate of literature. In their essay The Intentional Fallacy, W.K. Wimsatt and Monroe Beardsley wrote that the design or intention of the author is neither available nor desirable as a standard for judging the success of a work of literary art1. They argued that an author could non be reconstructed from a piece of writing and that the only source of sum came from the text itself, with any details of the authors desires or life being purely extraneous.Critics such as Roland Barthes and Michel Foucault have scrutinized the role of authorship to the meaning and interpretation of a text. In Barthes essay Death of the Author, he criticizes the method of reading and criticism that relies on aspects of the authors identity to distil meaning from the authors work. This death is directed at the author expressing an inner vision, not at the idea of writing. He is opposing a view of texts as expressing a distinct personality of the author and despises the idea that they consciously create masterpieces. Barthes states the idea that the explanation and meaning of a work does not have to be sought in the one who produced it, as if it were always in the end, through the more(prenominal) or less transparent allegory of the fiction, the voice of a single person, the author confiding in us2. The author can be handle when interpreting a text, because it is language which speaks, not the author the words are rich enough themselves with all of the traditions of language. The words and language of a text itself do and expose meaning for Barthes, and not someone possessing legal responsibility for the process of its production. The author is merely a scriptor. The scriptor exists to produce but not to explain the work, the origin of meaning lies exclusively in language itself and its impressions on the reader. Barthes notes that the traditional critical approach to literature raises a problem of which we cannot detect precisely what the writer intended.Julia Kristeva invented the shape intertextuality, suggesting that no text is free of other texts. Intertextuality leads to speculations about the idea of a text guaranteeing stability and identity. If a text is partly explained by a self-colored series of other texts, then its meaning clearly does not reside wholly inside it, but is also produced by its relation with other texts. all reader may have a different understanding of the meaning of a text depending on the external texts they associate with it.Looking at William Shakespeares mulct intertextually, Romeo and Juliet prompts literary criticism as the play shares a relationship with other literary texts. Romeo and Juliets plot is based around more than one different source, do the audience question the originality of the play itself. Shakespeare based his play on an Italian tale, translated into verse as The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet by Arthur Brooke in 1562. Romeo and Juliet is a dramatisation of Brookes translation, which Shakespeare has followed closely. We catch this through Romeos dialogue as he says, Is she a Capulet? / O dear account my life is my foes debt.3Shakespeare literally mirrors the plot of Brookes tale in his own So hath he learned her happen upon, and know th she is no geast, / Her father was a Capulet,4It is hard to claim that Shakespeare has ownership of this play along with the idea that this is not an original idea and the content of his play has come from influences around him.Shakespeare was also heavily influenced by Ovids Metamorphoses, taking inspiration from the tragic love story of Pyramus and Thisbe. In Ted Hughes translation, it is clear to see that Shakespeare has been influenced by Ovid, The parents of each forbade their child / To marry the other. That was that. / But prohibition feeds love, mirroring the exact same family feud and passion in Romeo and Juliet5, Deny thy father and refuse thy name / Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love, / And Ill no longer be a Capulet (Act 2, Scene II ll 34-36). There are rumoured to be so many sources substructure one of Shakespeares most well-known masterpieces, this certainly begs the question of whether Shakespeare was original and if he gave meaning to his own work.It is ap propriate to approach an Elizabethan play as a collaborative work, given the amount of people used to successfully create a play. A piece of drama is needs constructed by many hands, adding to the meaning of the play. Romeo and Juliet would not just be defined by William Shakespeare, but how the play was performed would have enormous effect on its meaning along with those involved in the making of it. Romeo and Juliet was arguably not written by Shakespeare, he took influences from many different texts, collaborating with many other writers. The writing behind Romeo and Juliet does not define the play, but it is the staging and performance that amaze the play what it is. Performance adds to the text in the sense of connecting to it gestures, symbols and staging, these all produce a comment not in the text itself. In a well-known quotation, Barthes draws an analogy between text and textiles, the text is a tissue of quotations drawn from the innumerable centres of stopping point ( pp. 142-48) meaning that one persons work is never original. It is the reader/ beauty that makes a piece of literature what it is, whether that is personal or not.It is difficult to judge whether a piece of literature successfully carries out what it means to attempt because we can never be certain of the writers intent in the first place. For example Robert Frosts The Silken encamp opened up to much debate about whether the poem was really symbolising a woman and questioned the possibility of its supporting central cedar rod (l. 5) actually representing a boat with language rich in relatable words, for example, guy ropes and compass. It should not be wrong to have a different opinion of a text, finding meaning in literature is all about your personal tastes and experiences allowing you to relate to texts. Literature is all about what you as a reader make of a text in your own personal way.There seems to be no guarantee in this process that the origins of the text, the conventions of the message and the readers opinion are selfsame(a) in any way. A piece of literature depends on the words and contexts which surround it, but these contexts are not always significant when looking for meaning in a text. The language of textuality itself will present an argument that is potentially counter to the authors conscious intent.The meaning of a text is not produced solely by an author it is a complex collaboration between author, text and reader. Shakespeare did not give Romeo and Juliet meaning, meaning was created through the text and performance of the play and by the viewer creating their own personal opinions about it. Shakespeare may have been the origin behind Romeo and Juliet but there are many different sources that could have been seen to be used, questioning the originality of the play. The essential meaning of a piece of literature depends on the impression it has made on the reader, the writers passions and tastes do not come into it. Meaning is a collabo ration of all these different factors, it cannot be gathered purely from just the author because there may have been no authorial intent behind that text and literature is all about your own personal opinion and where you take that text in your mind. Barthes makes an important point saying, a texts unity lies not in its origins but in its destination, (pp. 142-48) meaning that it all comes down to the reader and society, a piece of texts origins are unimportant.Word Count 1560

Parental Involvement in Education Essay -- Parent Involvement in Educat

P arntal sakeParent Involvement has been an issue in the United States since before the turn of the ordinal century (W anyace). Parent Involvement and parent participation are nebulous terms because there is an array of parenting behaviors that this could include (Hickman). Either way you define it, parents must(prenominal) get involved. What many parents consider being involved varies from family to family. No one is better placed or more qualified than parents to make a passing in their childs schoolman and lifelong education (Bourquin). Parents are the vast resource that must be tapped to increase student learning (Hickman).Parents are their childs first teacher. The elementary age is the most crucial time for parents to get involved in their childs education. Nothing affects the academic outcome for a child as much as the involvement of a parent (Bourquin). Mom and Dad are the most influential postal service to shape their childs future. Parents have a greater fortune to m ake a difference, teach, model and guide their childrens learning more than anyone else (Bourquin). Involvement allows parents to communicate with teachers about their childs learning style and characteristics. This allows teachers to do a better job teaching the child, giving them a better opportunity for success (Heffer). The support of a parent is the single most important factor in predicting success in school for young children (Bourquin). Parents who make it a point to get involved with the childs education are communicating the importance of education to their child (Heffer). There are a regeneration of ways in which a parent can get involved. This can range from at home help and encouragement with homework, attending athletic ... ...e parents explaining what is exit on in the classroom and upcoming events that parents can attend. (Hopkings)Parent involvement affects all aspects of a childs education. Parents must be involved as teachers, learners, supporters, and advocate s of their childs learning (Hopkings). Studies show that kids who know that their parents are involved and interested tend to take more responsibility for their own learning and behavior. schoolwork and grades improve. Work habits improve. Less work is handed in late. Fewer referrals for behavior problems are made. Attendance increases, and fewer kids show up late for class (Hopkings). With all this information documented it shows the true importance of parent involvement in education. The more involved the parents are, the better off each child will be. So when you become a parent, get involved in your childs education

History and Pros of Animal Testing Essay -- Biology Medical Biomedical

History and Pros of Animal TestingAbstractAnimal research refers to the custom of non-human animals for testing or experimenting on. The first recorded use of animals for testing started with the Greeks in the third and fourth century BC. The use of animals for testing is ordinarily in the canonical fields of biomedical research, security, evaluation and education of a product. It is estimated that almost 50 million100 million animals are tested on and killed annually, but this is usually done to make a product safer for humans.Part one HistoryThere has been no earlier reference to testing of animals, than in the writing of the Greeks. In about the third or fourth century BC, Aristotle (384-322 BC) and Erasistratus (304-258 BC) were two of the first to be recorded to test experiments on live animals. Also Galen, a second-century roman type physician was known as the father of vivisection, because he dissected pigs and goats. These were some of the first recorded events of early an imal testing.Animal testing has played a major role in some of the most famous experiments. For example in 1796, Edward Jenner used pus from a pox-infected cow to vaccinate James Phipps against the large-minded spread virus, small pox. After Jenners discovery, small pox slowly declined no longer to be the main cause of morality in England. other very well - known experiment using animal testing happened around the 1880s the germ theory that Louis Pasteurdeveloped was tested out by giving Anthrax to a flock of sheep. (Wikipedia) Also in 1885, Pasteur invented vaccines for cholera and rabies by studying animals. In 1922, insulin was isolated from dogs and afterwards helped advance the discourse of diabetes. Laika, a dog from Russia, on November 3,1957, b... ... is almost definite anyone would save the baby. (Of Cures and Creatures) This is the same situation as animal testing, would you rather save a person from an unseasoned product thats poisonous or save a rat from being teste d with it?BibliographyAnimal testing. Wkipedia. 27 July 2006. Wikimedia Fondation, Inc. 20 July 2006.Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing. A CAAT Timeline 1981-2002.CAAT. 12 Feb. 2003. 22 July 2006 timeline.htm.BCC. Animal Experiments. Hot Topics. 17 Aug. 2004. 22 July 2006.ECheat. Animal Testing Pros and Cons. eCheat. 19 Apr. 2005. 22 July 2006.FRAME. the three rs. FRAME. 23 July 2006 3rsintro.htm.

The World Needs a Little Courtesy Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Es

The World Needs a Little Courtesy       Doesnt anyone show common readiness anymore? When I was younger, I neer knew what my pargonnts meant when I heard them ask that question. I thought people were polite. I never had any problems with rude people. Now that I am older, and actually nonplus people outside of school, I understand what my parents meant.       What happened to people saying Excuse me when they want to walk past you? Dont people know what it means when someone says this to them? When I say Excuse me to someone the individual stares at me as if I just spoke a foreign language or said something insulting. so the individual still doesnt move. I dont know how many times I have been standing somewhere, and instead of someone saying Excuse me to get by, he or she just shoves past. How was I to know the person was standing behind me? I guess I should have used the eyes in the stomach of my head. I have also seen grown men push past pregnant women, elderly couples, and even handicapped people as if they werent even there. When my clotheshorse was on crutches and we went shopping, people would run into him with their carts. He had to stop and get out of their way and they would act as if it was an inconvenience to them that he was on crutches. I cypher out for pregnant women, the elderly, people on crutches or in wheelchairs, someone with his or her arms full, and people with children. I move out of their way. Am I just more aware of my surroundings than other people?       What happened to holding doors open for other people? I dont mean for just women, the elderly, or the handicapped. (I am a twenty-five-year-old female,... ...ould be because parents do not have the support of the teachers and schools. Teachers are a big part of a childs life, but they are not allowed to coif a childs behavior because they could be reprimanded for doing so. If we do not teach our children to respect their elders, to help others, and to say please and thank you, then eventually common courtesy and politeness will be lost.       Did you ever realize how a reaction you get from a stranger, or even someone you know, could affect the mood of your solar day? Or how polite or rude that person was? Did you ever feel a little happier after doing something nice for someone? For most of us, our days are filled with stress. Being courteous to someone or smiling or saying Thank you efficacy just change both of your moods. Try it sometime. It might just change your whole day. Thank you

Allegory and Truman Show Essay -- Allegory Cave Truman Show Essays

Allegory and Truman ShowThe Allegory of the Cave has many parallels with The Truman Show. Initially, Truman is trapped in his testify spelunk a film set or fictional island known as Seahaven. Trumans journey or ascension into the real world and into knowledge is sympathetic to that of Platos cave dweller. In this paper, I will discuss these similarities along with the very intent of both of these works whose purpose is for us to question our own candor. In his Allegory Plato shows us how a man ascends from the darkness of a cave to the light of the outside world. In this ascent Platos man passes through with(predicate) four distinct stages of cognition from imagination, to belief, understanding, and finally knowledge. Imagination In this first stage of cognition, the cave dweller is shackled and can only see shadows of figures on the wall in front of him. His reality is based on his imagination of these figures. To them, I said, the truth would be literally nothing but the shado ws of the images. Similarly, Trumans reality is based on this imaginary world where his parents, wife, and everyone else around him are hired actors. Early in the film Truman seems to be happy although he is already outset to imagine himself in Fiji which he points out is the furthest place from Seahaven. Belief In the second stage, the cave dweller can now see the objects that previously only appeared to him as shadows. Will he not fancy that the shadows which he formerly saw are truer th...

ICT and You :: ICT Essays

For this work, I am going to write about how I use ICT in my everydaylife. I go forth be looking at how I use ICT at Home and at School.I will also identify how I use ICT for - My protest personal use (this is when I use it just for me) Social use (this is when I use the ICT with other people)PC Technology-------------I use Microsoft jump out a lot, which helps me to do graphs in sciencefor coursework and I also use it at home for sorting my pocket moneyand sp completioning so I am organized with my money and dont overspend. Itis very idle to use and your work is always very neat and presentablewhich is important for my coursework. I also use Microsoft Word formany things in school, these include writing out coursework,completing homework and English essays. Microsoft word offers a greateasy program, which is easy to use and also you cigarette put text, picturesand photographs onto a word document.I like using MS FrontPage to design and make web pages and websitesthis screw be done personally for me or socially for a group of people.Designing website apprize be relaxing and stress free or can befrustrating and stressing, all depending on what type of web site itis.InternetThe internet is very helpful to me in school because I can search upuseful and useless information an instant using search engines likegoogle the downsides to sites like these is, you have to be specificotherwise you could end up having thousands of pages of junk forexample if your searching for the official Manchester United site andonly type in Manchester United you will get any pages appearingcontaining the words Manchester and United you can get aroundabout 3,460,000 results, when the words Official Manchester UnitedFootball Club Website only pages containing them words are found, there are around about 69,400 results just by being a bit morespecific. I use this at home, personally to keep streetwise withbreaking news of my favorite football club and in school personallyfor my bus iness coursework.At home I enjoy being on MSN messenger to talk to friends and Familyworldwide, msn is good because its faster than email and cheaper thanphone calls, the disadvantage is that my internet connection dependingwhere I am and what time of the day it is could be slow I have a 576kADSL modem so theres no worries for me but slower internetconnections like a 23.3k modem could have a delay or even a bad